<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Dear Colleagues,</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">this is to gently remind you that the fifth online colloquium of the series: </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Quid Ultra? Frontiers and Controversies in Astrophysics </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">will be today at 16:30. You can find all the details below and the updated program </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">for future colloquia at the link: <a href="https://www.quidultra.it/" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class="">https://www.quidultra.it</span></a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Looking forward to seeing you soon, </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Raffaella Schneider (on behalf of the SOC)</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""> </span><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Prof. Raffaella Schneider</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Marconi”</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Senior Fellow, Scuola Superiore di Studi Avanzati Sapienza</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Sapienza, Università di Roma</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209);" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline; -webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><a href="mailto:raffaella.schneider@roma1.infn.it" class="">raffaella.schneider@roma1.infn.it</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">————————————————</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class="">May 18 2021 at 16:30</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class="">Roberto Maiolino (Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge)</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class="">Title: Quenching star formation in galaxies</b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><b class="">Abstract: </b></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">In the local universe stars only make up about 7% of all baryons, indicating that star formation has been extremely inefficient </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">across the cosmic epochs. Within this context, even more impressive is the fact that in a significant fraction of galaxies star </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">formation has been totally “quenched”, resulting into the population of passive and quiescent local galaxies. Understanding </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">what are the mechanisms responsible for suppressing or even quenching star formation in galaxies has been one of the main </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">challenges of astrophysics in recent years and it is one of the research areas in which most of the efforts have been directed, </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">both in terms of cosmological simulations and in terms of observing campaigns.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">I will give an overview of the potential causes and physical processes that might be responsible for regulating or even </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">leading to the complete suppression of star formation in galaxies. I will illustrate that there are a variety of possible culprits. </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Among these I will show that supernova explosions can play a role, but the energy injected in the interstellar and intergalactic </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">medium by accreting supermassive black holes can have a truly dramatic effect on their host galaxies. The environment in </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">which galaxies live (e.g. galaxy groups or clusters) can also play an important role, by suppressing star formation especially </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">in satellite galaxies. I will discuss observational evidence for these various effects by using results from extensive </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">multi-wavelength datasets. I will conclude by emphasizing open, outstanding problems and the possibility of tackling them </span></div><div style="margin: 0px; text-align: justify; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">with the next generation of observing facilities.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Join Zoom Meeting</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; color: rgb(9, 79, 209); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""><a href="https://uniroma1.zoom.us/j/89931306878?pwd=WG5RYlYyZzRSMzJsOFpSRHczWEFCZz09" class="">https://uniroma1.zoom.us/j/89931306878?pwd=WG5RYlYyZzRSMzJsOFpSRHczWEFCZz09</a></span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); min-height: 15px;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class=""></span><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">Meeting ID: 899 3130 6878</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Passcode: 419276</span></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;" class=""><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;" class="">————————————————</span></div></div><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><br class=""><br class=""><br class=""><br class=""><br class=""></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><br class=""><br class=""><br class=""><br class=""></div></div></div></div></div>
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